Neofinetia orchids are a genus of the orchid family, related
to vanda family. This genus in total combines of 3 species, three found in
China, two in Korea and one in Japan.
But it’s the single Japanese species that is the prise jewel
of the family and on this one species – Neofinetia falcata I will concentrate.
A lot of
material contained in this entry comes from external sources that will be
listed at the bottom for reference.
Neofinetia falcata starts shrouded in a local myth. The
orchid is known under two names, Furan – meaning Wind orchid or the Samurai
Orchid. It’s claimed that Shogun Tokugawa lenari fell in love with the plant
and its beauty and a samurai was sent to help in searching and collecting the
plants from the mountains.
It is arguably the first orchid ever to be grown with
intention as a house plant from the early 1600s in Japan. Furan, the Japanese
name for “Neofinetia falcata,” started to be replaced by ‘Fuuki-ran’ meaning ‘the
rich and noble orchid’ as the plant quickly became loved by rich and noble
people. Many years ago, Fuukiran’s were covered by a gold or silver net in
order to protect them and people had to cover their mouth with Kaishi (a thin
paper usually used for calligraphy) in order not to breathe on the plants while
they appreciated them. This, by the way, is the same way the Japanese
appreciate a great sword. This was an important time for Fuukiran as they
became established into the Japanese culture.
In the Meiji era (1868- ) the new government introduced
European and American culture in a positive light. Similarly in the world of
gardening, either gorgeous and showy orchids from foreign countries were
praised by polite society. Fuukiran were no longer the centre of a gardening
world. However, while Fuukiran diminished in popularity, they were inherited
and maintained by a handful of earnest lovers. Though Fuukiran became unpopular
and valueless to most Japanese at the time, still there were enthusiastic
hobbyists who continued cultivating quietly. They were handed down by true
lovers. Then starting from 1926 till the war the popularity of the Neofinetia
orchid was on a rise again, proven by many publications published nationwide.
It was a period where many Fuukiran societies were founded paving through a
road for the orchid. In 1939, many smaller societies merged to form the Japan
Fuukiran Federation. But it still wasn’t a plant for the masses. At that time
the price of Fuukiran was so expensive that an announcement party was held when
someone purchased a good Fuukiran. Due to the cost, collecting was limited to
people like aristocrats, doctors and other upper-class figures. It was a world
not available to ordinary people. The high cost of Fuukiran combined with the
expansion of the War gradually made Fuukiran collection nearly impossible.
After the war it took almost 24 years for a major movement toward the orchid. In
1973 The Japan Fuukiran Society and Kinki Fuukiran Society cooperated with
Japan Choseiran Federation to hold an Artistic Fuuran Exhibition, the biggest
since WW II, at Chausuyama-honjin restaurant in Oosaka. There, 200 Fuukiran
collectors gathered to show hundreds of their beloved plants from all over
Japan. Since then, the population of Fuukiran lovers has increased gradually.
Fukiran Varietal Names
The Japanese have given all of the Fūkiran varieties a
Japanese name. These are often
phonetically spelled out in English.
Some are descriptive of the leaf and flower, or just named for places or
beautiful things. Here is a partial list
of varietal names and their translation:
Amanogawa - River of Heaven
Aojiku - Green Axis
Asahiden - Rising Sun Lord
Daisekai - Big Sacred Sea
Fugaku - Mount Fuji
Gekkeikan - Laurel Crown
Gojyo Fukurin - Castle Fukurin
Hakuun - White Snow
Hanagoromo - Clothes of a Flower
Hoshiguruma - Star Car
Kinkosei - Golden Light Star
Kocho No Mai - Butterfly Dance
Kohou - Yellow Treasure
Kutsuwamushi - Chirping Cricket
Momo Hime - Peach Princess
Nishi De Miyako - West Side Kyoto
Seiryujishi - Blue dragon backbone lion
Setsuzan - Snow Mountain
Seikai - Blue ocean
Shou Ten Nou - Red Emperor
Suikaden - Imperial flag
Unkai - Sea of clouds
Yodonomatsu - Pine of Yodo
The orchids show different type of roots, depending on the variety.
The recognized types are:
Different types of ‘tuke’ which is the foliage ‘break’
point.
And even the type of variegation:
LIGHT
Neofinetias prefer medium light levels, from 1500 - 2500 foot-candles, about the same as Cattleyas. Neofinetias can be grown indoors with an east exposure, and south, or west exposure with some shade from direct sun. They can also be grown under fluorescent lights indoors. Keep the plants about 6" - 8" from at least 4 tubes. In frost free climates, plants may be grown outdoors with filtered sunlight.
TEMPERATURE
Plants can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. In the spring and summer, day-time temperature can reach 70º F to 100º F, with a 10 to 20 degree difference at night. During winter months, day temperatures below 70º F are preferred. Neofinetia falcata will tolerate winter temperatures in the mid 30's!
HUMIDITY
Ideally humidity should be kept from 40 to 70%. However they can tolerate lower levels. Use humidity trays or a small room humidifier when growing indoors.
WATER & FERTILISER
Use pure water, such as rainwater, distilled or reverse osmosis water if possible. Hard water tends to spot the leaves and will eventually collect in the medium. Flush the plant regularly, especially if using municipal or well water. Never use artificially softened water. Plants should dry out between watering. Use ample water in spring and summer while the plants are in active growth and in flower, reducing water greatly during cooler winter days. If plants are mounted, they will need to be water/misted every other day. For fertiliser use a balanced orchid fertiliser during active growth. If using rain, distilled, or reverse osmosis water, use a fertiliser formulated for pure water, or add some tap water to supply the necessary calcium and magnesium. Fertilise very lightly every other watering during the growing season. If plants are mounted, they will need to be water/misted every other day.
POTTING MEDIUM & POTS
Neofinetias will grow in a wide variety of medium, ranging from coarse bark to the traditional method of sphagnum moss. They can also be grown mounted if preferred or have been recently shown to grow fantastically well in semi hydroponics set up. Pots can also range from clay to plastic. With any pots, insure there is adequate drainage. Add extra holes to plastic pots and enlarge the bottom hole in clay pots.
Sources:
Fukiran Society of America - http://fukiransoa.weebly.com/
Negie Orchids - http://negieorchids.com/index.htm
Great information for a novice like myself.
ReplyDeleteAlthough I have only barely looked at this article, there are errors in this article. First of all, the Japanese had been growing Chinese Cymbidiums long before they started to grow Neofinetia, which is very well documented. The Meiji period is from 1868 to 1912. The colorful clone in the second picture is NOT Neofinetia falcata, but a hybrid of unknown parentage. While Neofinetia falcata is Fûran, but not all clones of Fûran are Neofinetia falcata because the Japanese treat hybrids as Fûran. This does not mean that they are not aware of differences between species and hybrids. To put it bluntly, the translated names are laughable. Why? It is because whoever translated did not know the Japanese culture and translated very literally. Or they could have been translated by a Japanese person, who did not know the correct words. For example, Amanogawa is actually the Milky Way. Hakuun is White Cloud, not White Snow. Kutsuwamushi is not Chirping Cricket, but Katydid (Mecopoda nipponensis). I am bit irritated, annoyed and frustrated by the perpetuated myths and incorrect information about this group of plants.
ReplyDeleteWhat is the name of the orange Neofinetia hybrid in the 2nd picture? So beautiful.
ReplyDelete(My understanding is that all colorful Neofinetia are hybrids with a non-Neofinetia ancestor in their background?)